਀䈀漀爀渀 椀渀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀Ⰰ 䤀氀氀椀渀漀椀猀Ⰰ 漀渀 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 㠀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㜀Ⰰ 吀漀洀 䌀攀挀栀 眀愀猀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀攀搀 椀渀 䤀漀眀愀 ⠀䈀⸀䄀⸀ 椀渀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 䜀爀椀渀渀攀氀氀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㜀　⤀⸀ 䠀攀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 栀椀猀 倀栀⸀䐀⸀ 椀渀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 攀渀最愀最攀搀 椀渀 瀀漀猀琀搀漀挀琀漀爀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀愀猀猀愀挀栀甀猀攀琀琀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 漀昀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀 䌀愀洀戀爀椀搀最攀Ⰰ 䴀愀猀猀愀挀栀甀猀攀琀琀猀⸀㰀椀洀最 愀氀椀最渀㴀氀攀昀琀 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀㈀ 猀爀挀㴀∀㄀⸀最椀昀∀㸀 䤀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㠀 栀攀 樀漀椀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀漀氀漀爀愀搀漀Ⰰ 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 愀 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䠀甀最栀攀猀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㠀 愀渀搀 䐀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀攀搀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 漀昀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 䈀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㤀　⸀ 

਀䤀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㈀ 吀漀洀 䌀攀挀栀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 最爀漀甀瀀 愀渀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 愀渀 刀一䄀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 昀爀漀洀 吀攀琀爀愀栀礀洀攀渀愀Ⰰ 愀 猀椀渀最氀攀ⴀ挀攀氀氀攀搀 瀀漀渀搀 漀爀最愀渀椀猀洀Ⰰ 挀甀琀 愀渀搀 爀攀樀漀椀渀攀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 戀漀渀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 愀戀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀⸀ 吀栀甀猀 刀一䄀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 爀攀猀琀爀椀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀椀渀最 愀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀 挀愀爀爀椀攀爀 漀昀 最攀渀攀琀椀挀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 爀漀氀攀 椀渀 挀攀氀氀甀氀愀爀 洀攀琀愀戀漀氀椀猀洀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ猀瀀氀椀挀椀渀最 刀一䄀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 攀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 氀漀渀最ⴀ栀攀氀搀 戀攀氀椀攀昀 琀栀愀琀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 爀攀愀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 挀愀琀愀氀礀稀攀搀 戀礀 瀀爀漀琀攀椀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀 愀搀搀椀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀琀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 栀攀爀愀氀搀攀搀 愀猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 愀 渀攀眀Ⰰ 瀀氀愀甀猀椀戀氀攀 猀挀攀渀愀爀椀漀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀 漀昀 氀椀昀攀㬀 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 刀一䄀 挀愀渀 戀攀 戀漀琀栀 愀渀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ挀愀爀爀礀椀渀最 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀 愀渀搀 愀 挀愀琀愀氀礀猀琀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀攀氀昀ⴀ爀攀瀀爀漀搀甀挀椀渀最 猀礀猀琀攀洀 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀搀 漀昀 刀一䄀 愀氀漀渀攀⸀ 伀渀氀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 氀愀琀攀爀 眀愀猀 椀琀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 刀一䄀 挀愀琀愀氀礀猀琀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 ∀爀椀戀漀稀礀洀攀猀Ⰰ∀ 洀椀最栀琀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀 愀 渀攀眀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 栀椀最栀氀礀 猀瀀攀挀椀昀椀挀 瀀栀愀爀洀愀挀攀甀琀椀挀愀氀 愀最攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀氀攀愀瘀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀爀攀戀礀 椀渀愀挀琀椀瘀愀琀攀 瘀椀爀愀氀 刀一䄀猀 漀爀 漀琀栀攀爀 刀一䄀猀 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 椀渀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀⸀ 

਀䐀爀⸀ 䌀攀挀栀✀猀 眀漀爀欀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀挀漀最渀椀稀攀搀 戀礀 洀愀渀礀 渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 愀眀愀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀稀攀猀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䠀攀椀渀攀欀攀渀 倀爀椀稀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀漀礀愀氀 一攀琀栀攀爀氀愀渀搀猀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 ⠀㄀㤀㠀㠀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䄀氀戀攀爀琀 䰀愀猀欀攀爀 䈀愀猀椀挀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䄀眀愀爀搀 ⠀㄀㤀㠀㠀⤀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 椀渀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 ⠀㄀㤀㠀㤀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䴀攀搀愀氀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 ⠀㄀㤀㤀㔀⤀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㜀 䐀爀⸀ 䌀攀挀栀 眀愀猀 攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀ 一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 愀氀猀漀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 愀 氀椀昀攀琀椀洀攀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀栀椀瀀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䌀愀渀挀攀爀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⸀ 

਀䤀渀 ㈀　　　 䐀爀⸀ 䌀攀挀栀 洀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 䴀愀爀礀氀愀渀搀 琀漀 戀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䠀甀最栀攀猀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀⸀ 䠀攀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀猀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 漀渀 爀椀戀漀稀礀洀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 漀渀 琀攀氀漀洀攀爀愀猀攀 椀渀 栀椀猀 䈀漀甀氀搀攀爀Ⰰ 䌀漀氀漀爀愀搀漀Ⰰ 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀⸀

਀ ਀吀栀漀洀愀猀 刀⸀ 䌀攀挀栀 椀猀 愀 搀椀猀琀椀渀最甀椀猀栀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀漀爀⸀ 匀椀渀挀攀 ㈀　　　Ⰰ 栀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀ᤀ猀 氀愀爀最攀猀琀 瀀爀椀瘀愀琀攀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 ᐀ 琀栀攀 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䠀甀最栀攀猀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 ⠀䠀䠀䴀䤀⤀⸀

਀䤀渀 ㄀㤀㠀㤀Ⰰ 愀琀 琀栀攀 愀最攀 漀昀 㐀㄀Ⰰ 吀栀漀洀愀猀 刀⸀ 䌀攀挀栀 眀愀猀 愀眀愀爀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 椀渀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 最爀漀甀渀搀戀爀攀愀欀椀渀最 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 爀椀戀漀稀礀洀攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 挀愀琀愀氀礀琀椀挀 刀一䄀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 眀愀猀 猀漀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 愀氀琀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 搀漀最洀愀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀椀漀猀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀⸀ 匀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 眀栀漀 漀渀挀攀 琀栀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 刀一䄀 ⠀爀椀戀漀渀甀挀氀攀椀挀 愀挀椀搀⤀ 椀渀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 挀攀氀氀猀 眀愀猀 瀀愀猀猀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 挀愀渀 愀挀琀 愀猀 愀渀 攀渀稀礀洀攀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 愀猀 愀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀 挀愀琀愀氀礀猀琀⸀ 䄀猀 愀 爀攀猀甀氀琀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 琀攀砀琀戀漀漀欀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 爀攀瘀椀猀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀 渀攀眀 眀愀礀 漀昀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 戀椀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀最甀渀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 栀愀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀瀀愀爀欀攀搀 椀渀琀攀渀猀攀 攀昀昀漀爀琀猀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 爀椀戀漀稀礀洀攀猀 愀猀 瀀栀愀爀洀愀挀攀甀琀椀挀愀氀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀攀搀 愀最愀椀渀猀琀 瘀椀爀甀猀攀猀Ⰰ 挀愀渀挀攀爀 愀渀搀 最攀渀攀琀椀挀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀猀⸀ 

਀䌀攀挀栀ᤀ猀 漀琀栀攀爀 愀爀攀愀 漀昀 昀漀挀甀猀 椀猀 琀攀氀漀洀攀爀愀猀攀 ᐀ 愀渀 甀渀甀猀甀愀氀Ⰰ 礀攀琀 欀攀礀 攀渀稀礀洀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 爀攀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀栀爀漀洀漀猀漀洀攀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀甀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀愀渀挀攀爀 挀攀氀氀猀⸀ 䠀椀猀 氀愀戀✀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 愀 琀攀氀漀洀攀爀愀猀攀 猀甀戀甀渀椀琀 椀猀 栀攀氀瀀椀渀最 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 漀昀 䠀䤀嘀⸀ 

਀䈀漀爀渀 椀渀 䌀栀椀挀愀最漀 愀渀搀 爀愀椀猀攀搀 椀渀 䤀漀眀愀 䌀椀琀礀Ⰰ 䤀漀眀愀Ⰰ 䌀攀挀栀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 愀 氀漀瘀攀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 愀猀 愀 挀栀椀氀搀⸀ 䠀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 栀椀猀 瀀攀渀挀栀愀渀琀 昀漀爀 戀椀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 洀攀琀 栀椀猀 眀椀昀攀Ⰰ 䌀愀爀漀氀Ⰰ 眀栀椀氀攀 愀渀 甀渀搀攀爀最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 愀琀 䜀爀椀渀渀攀氀氀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 琀栀攀礀 戀漀琀栀 攀愀爀渀攀搀 搀漀挀琀漀爀愀琀攀猀 椀渀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀愀氀椀昀漀爀渀椀愀ⴀ䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀Ⰰ 栀攀 昀漀甀渀搀 栀椀猀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 渀椀挀栀攀 ᐀ 挀栀爀漀洀漀猀漀洀攀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 琀栀攀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀昀 栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 琀栀椀猀 搀愀礀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀渀最 瀀漀猀琀搀漀挀琀漀爀愀氀 眀漀爀欀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䴀愀猀猀愀挀栀甀猀攀琀琀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 漀昀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀Ⰰ 䌀攀挀栀 樀漀椀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䌀漀氀漀爀愀搀漀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㜀㠀⸀ 䠀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀 䠀甀最栀攀猀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀 猀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㤀㠀㠀⸀

਀吀栀攀 䠀漀眀愀爀搀 䠀甀最栀攀猀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀猀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 戀椀漀洀攀搀椀挀愀氀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀攀昀爀漀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀椀攀氀搀猀⸀ 䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 攀洀瀀氀漀礀攀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀Ⰰ 䠀甀最栀攀猀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀猀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 琀漀 戀攀 戀愀猀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 琀礀瀀椀挀愀氀氀礀 氀攀愀搀椀渀最 愀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 最爀漀甀瀀 漀昀 ㄀　ⴀ㈀㔀 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 瀀漀猀琀搀漀挀琀漀爀愀氀 愀猀猀漀挀椀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀椀挀椀愀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 琀漀 猀攀爀瘀攀 愀猀 昀愀挀甀氀琀礀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀⸀ 

਀吀栀攀 椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 椀猀 猀漀洀攀琀栀椀渀最 䌀攀挀栀 昀椀爀洀氀礀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀猀 椀渀⸀ ᰀ吀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瘀椀戀爀愀渀琀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰᴀ 栀攀 猀愀礀猀Ⰰ ᰀ挀漀洀攀 渀漀琀 昀爀漀洀 挀氀愀猀猀爀漀漀洀 琀攀愀挀栀椀渀最 戀甀琀 眀栀攀渀 甀渀搀攀爀最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀猀 攀渀琀攀爀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀椀攀猀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 漀瀀瀀漀爀琀甀渀椀琀礀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 猀琀愀琀攀ⴀ漀昀ⴀ琀栀攀ⴀ愀爀琀 攀焀甀椀瀀洀攀渀琀 愀渀搀 漀渀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 眀栀漀猀攀 愀渀猀眀攀爀猀 愀爀攀 渀漀琀 礀攀琀 欀渀漀眀渀⸀ᴀ 䬀攀攀瀀椀渀最 䠀䠀䴀䤀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀漀爀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀猀 椀猀 漀渀攀 眀愀礀 䠀䠀䴀䤀 椀猀 栀攀氀瀀椀渀最 琀漀 昀漀猀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀攀爀猀⸀ 

਀䌀攀挀栀 愀渀搀 䠀䠀䴀䤀 栀愀瘀攀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 猀琀爀漀渀最 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 唀嘀䴀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 搀漀氀氀愀爀猀 椀渀 愀椀搀 琀漀 唀嘀䴀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 栀攀氀瀀椀渀最 琀漀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀最爀愀搀甀愀琀攀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 䠀䔀䰀椀堀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀 漀昀 䴀攀搀椀挀椀渀攀✀猀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀 椀渀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 

਀吀栀爀漀甀最栀 栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 愀琀 䠀䠀䴀䤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 猀琀爀漀渀最 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀猀 愀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀 愀渀搀 攀搀甀挀愀琀漀爀Ⰰ 䌀攀挀栀 攀渀猀甀爀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 愀挀爀漀猀猀 琀栀攀 挀漀甀渀琀爀礀 愀爀攀 攀焀甀椀瀀瀀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀氀椀琀礀 爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀 琀栀攀礀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 栀攀氀瀀 琀栀攀洀 甀渀挀漀瘀攀爀 愀渀猀眀攀爀猀 琀漀 栀漀眀 琀栀攀 戀漀搀礀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 眀栀礀 搀椀猀攀愀猀攀猀 漀挀挀甀爀⸀

਀ ਀䜀爀愀渀搀昀愀琀栀攀爀 䨀漀猀攀昀Ⰰ 愀 猀栀漀攀洀愀欀攀爀Ⰰ 椀洀洀椀最爀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀⸀匀⸀ 昀爀漀洀 䈀漀栀攀洀椀愀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㌀⸀ My other grandparents, also of Czech origin, were first-generation Americans. My father was and is a physician, my mother the homemaker. I was born in Chicago on December 8, 1947.਀㰀瀀㸀 The safe streets and good schools of Iowa City, Iowa provided the backdrop for the childhood years of my sister Barbara,my brother Richard and myself. My father, who loved physics as much as medicine, interjected a scientific approach and point of view into most every family discussion. I discovered science for myself in fourth grade, collecting rocks and minerals and worrying about how they were formed. By the time I was in junior high school, I would knock on Geology professors' doors at the University of Iowa, asking to see models of crystal structures and to discuss meteorites and fossils.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 In 1966 I entered Grinnell College, where I was to derive as much enjoyment studying Homer's Odyssey, Dante's Inferno, and Constitutional History as Chemistry. I met Carol over the melting point apparatus in a make-up Organic Chemistry lab, starting the partnership of our lives that is now more than 20 years old.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 The Chemistry I appreciated the most from textbooks was physical chemistry. However, undergraduate research experiences at Argonne National Laboratory and at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory taught me that I didn't have a long enough attention span for the elaborate plumbing and electronics of gas-phase chemical physics. I was later attracted to biological chemistry because of the almost daily interplay of experimental design, observation, and interpretation.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 Berkeley, 1970. Carol and I chose the University of California as much for the excitement of life there as for the excellence of its Chemistry Department. My thesis advisor, John Hearst, had an enthusiasm for chromosome structure and function that proved infectious; I have not yet recovered, nor do I wish to. Long days in the laboratory were punctuated by occasional backpacking trips in the alpine splendor of the Sierra Nevada.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 In 1975 we obtained our Ph.D.'s and moved to postdoctoral positions in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Carol at Harvard and I at M.I.T. I strengthened my knowledge of biology in Mary Lou Pardue's laboratory, and enjoyed being part of the interactive scientific scene at M.I.T.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 We began our first faculty positions at the University of Colorado, Boulder in 1978. I was initially attracted by the enthusiasm and energy of the faculty; I have stayed because in my field the intellectual environment here would be very hard to equal. We have benefitted from very fine colleagues, with whom we have shared many great dinners and ski trips to the nearby Rocky Mountains. More recently, life has been transformed by the addition to our family of two energetic daughters, Allison (born 1982) end Jennifer (1986). It promises to return to normal sometime in the next century.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 Because of my research group's discoveries, more than a dozen national and international awards preceded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1989. Among them were the Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry (American Chemical Society), the Award in Molecular Biology (U.S. National Academy of Sciences), the Heineken Prize (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), and the Lasker Award. I received an honorary D.Sc. degree from Grinnell College in 1987 and from the University of Chicago in 1991. I have been elected to the U. S. National Academy of Sciences (1987) and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1988). In 1987 I was awarded a lifetime Professorship by the American Cancer Society, and in 1988 became Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.਀㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀